BOW 9

Predator: the animal that's going to eat the other animal

Prey: the animal that's going to be eaten

Parasitism: a relation between organisms where one lives as a parasite on another

Mutualism: relationship between two species of organisms where both benefit from the association

Commensalism: a type of relationship between two species of a plant, animal, or fungus where one lives with, on, or in another without damage to either

Food Web

Producer: Green Point Tree

Primary Consumers: Goat, Rabbit & Mouse

Secondary Consumers: Jackal, Wild Cat, Owl & Snake

Tertiary Consumers: Lion & Eagle ?

BOW 5

The first living organisms to appear on earth are thought to have been anaerobic unicellular organisms, who used marine organic substances without using oxygen. Later, photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria appeared in the ocean. These bacteria were able to synthesize organic substances using carbon dioxide, which causes oxygen to slowly increase in the atmosphere. Organisms later became multicellular, and eukaryotes emerged. Sponges and green algae later emerged at the end of the Precambrian age.
During the Paleozoic era, amphibians and fishes appeared and flourished in water, and ferns flourished on land. In the Mesozoic era, reptiles flourished, and gymnospermous plants dominated the ecosystem. The Cenozoic era later began when large reptiles gradually became extinct after the earth was struck by a meteorite.

BOW

What is natural selection?

Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift.

How does it relate to mutations, genotypes and phenotypes?

Natural selection acts on the phenotype but the genetic basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage will become more common in a population.The concept of natural selection predates the understanding of genetics, the mechanism of heredity for all known life forms. In modern terms, selection acts on an organism's phenotype, or observable characteristics, but it is the organism's genetic make-up or genotype that is inherited.Natural selection results in the reduction of genetic variation through the elimination of maladapted individuals and consequently of the mutations that caused the maladaptation. At the same time, new mutations occur, resulting in a mutation-selection balance.

BOW

Question: Should cloning research be regulated? How, and by whom?


Cloning should be regulated by the government. The government has the right to put an end to research being done by certain doctors who are trying to accomplish making clones. Cloning research should be stopped because it is unsafe. It comes with a lot of harms. There's disadvantages of certain genetics being lost. Cloning research should not be able to continue and a way to stop it would be to make a law regarding the consequences if anyone was doing that. With a law in place and maybe in danger of losing their jobs, certain doctors would think twice before trying to figure out a way to clone human beings.

BOW 2: Mutations

Non-sense mutation: Three codons tell the cell to stop providing amino acids to the protein which supposedly has been reached. When this happens, the process is cut short and therefore it is an incompleted process. A disease caused by this is Cystic fibrosis.


Sense Mutation: It changes a stop in the codon into one that codes for an amino acid. The results of this event are in an elongated protein. 


Deletion Mutation: when a type of gene mutation the deletion of nucleotide causes a certain shift in the reading of the codons in the mRNA.


Insertion Mutation: It results from the being of extra nucleotides in a chromosome.
Frameshift Mutation: is caused by the deletions or insertions of a number of nucleotides that is not even by  a DNA sequence.

Point Mutation: It changes only asmall area or a nucleotide in a gene.

Translocation Mutation:Its a mutation in which a large piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Transcription, Translation, and Protein Synthesis

Transcription: When the RNA copies the information of the DNA

Translation: mRNA is broken up by the ribosome to produce an amino acid or polypeptide that will later become a protein.

Protein Synthesis: is transcription and translation all in one. The amino acids become in a sheet which then fold.